HOODED WARBLER NESTING SUCCESS ADJACENT TO GROUP-SELECTION AND CLEARCUT EDGES IN A SOUTHEASTERN BOTTOMLAND FOREST

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Moorman ◽  
David C. Guynn Jr. ◽  
John C. Kilgo
The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Moorman ◽  
David C. Guynn Jr. ◽  
John C. Kilgo

Abstract During the 1996, 1997, and 1998 breeding seasons, we located and monitored Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) nests in a bottomland forest and examined the effects of edge proximity, edge type, and nest-site vegetation on nesting success. Successful Hooded Warbler nests were more concealed from below and were located in nest patches with a greater abundance of >0.5-m-tall switchcane (Arundinaria gigantea) stems than unsuccessful nests. Daily nest survival rates, clutch size, and number of fledglings per successful nest did not differ between nests near edges of selection-harvest openings within the bottomland and nests near edges of clearcuts adjacent to the bottomland. Daily survival rate, clutch size, and number of fledglings per successful nest did not differ among nests 0–50 m, 51–100 m, and >100 m from the nearest edge, and probability of nest survival was not related to proximity to either edge type. However, probability of parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) was higher near clearcut edges, and parasitism reduced clutch size and numbers of fledglings per successful nest. The combined effects of edge, especially edge created by the relatively small (≤0.5 ha) group-selection openings, on Hooded Warbler nesting success were minimal. However, our study was conducted in a primarily forested landscape, so cowbird abundance or negative edge effects may have been low relative to agricultural landscapes in the South. Éxito de Anidación de Wilsonia citrina en Sitios Adyacentes a Bordes de Claros Formados por Extracción de Árboles Seleccionados y por Tala Rasa en Bosques Ribereños del Sureste Resumen. Durante las épocas reproductivas de 1996, 1997 y 1998, ubicamos y monitoreamos nidos de Wilsonia citrina en un bosque de ribereño y evaluamos los efectos de la proximidad al borde, el tipo de borde y la vegetación del sitio de anidación sobre el éxito reproductivo. Los nidos exitosos estuvieron más escondidos desde abajo y se ubicaron en parches de bosque con una mayor abundancia de tallos de Arundinaria gigantea de más de 0.5 m de alto que los nidos no exitosos. Las tasas de supervivencia diaria de los nidos, el tamaño de la nidada y el número de polluelos emplumados por nido exitoso no difirieron entre nidos ubicados cerca de bordes de aperturas de cosecha selectiva dentro del valle ribereño y nidos cerca de bordes de sitios completamente talados adyacentes al valle. La tasa de supervivencia diaria, el tamaño de la nidada y el número de polluelos emplumados por nido exitoso no difirió entre nidos ubicados a 0–50 m, 51–100 m y >100 m del borde más cercano, y la probabilidad de supervivencia de los nidos no estuvo relacionada con la proximidad a ningún tipo de borde. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de parasitismo por Molothrus ater fue mayor cerca de bordes de tala rasa, y el parasitismo redujo el tamaño de la nidada y el número de polluelos emplumados por nido exitoso. Los efectos combinados de borde sobre el éxito de anidación de W. citrina fueron mínimos, especialmente aquellos de los bordes creados por los claros relativamente pequeños (≤0.5 ha) formados tras extraer grupos de árboles seleccionados. Sin embargo, nuestro estudio fue realizado en un paisaje principalmente forestal, de modo que la abundancia de M. ater o los efectos de borde negativos pueden haber sido menores en relación a paisajes agrícolas del sur.


Author(s):  
Leah Henderson

Different views have been proposed about how Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) and Bayesianism might be compatible with one another. One is a hybrid view, according to which explanatory considerations play a role in driving the Bayesian machinery. Another is an ‘emergent compatibilist’ view, in which an independently motivated Bayesian model of IBE is provided, so that explanatory considerations emerge from the Bayesian machinery rather than driving it. Specific scientific arguments can serve as test cases for these general views. The chapter argues that the case of Williams’ argument against group selection, discussed by Elliott Sober, is better understood with the emergent compatibilist picture, than with the hybrid view. This analysis of the case challenges Elliott Sober’s claim that the epistemic significance of appeals to the explanatory virtue of parsimony is highly case-specific. Instead, a more unified picture of IBE and its connection to Bayesianism is suggested.


1976 ◽  
Vol 110 (973) ◽  
pp. 486-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia C. Maiorana

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin H White ◽  
Jessi L Brown ◽  
Zachary E Ormsby

Abstract Despite the unique threats to wildlife in urban areas, many raptors have established successfully reproducing urban populations. To identify variations in raptor breeding ecology within an urban area, we compared metrics of Red-tailed Hawk reproductive attempts to landscape characteristics in Reno and Sparks, NV, USA during the 2015 and 2016 breeding seasons. We used the Apparent Nesting Success and logistic exposure methods to measure nesting success of the Red-tailed Hawks. We used generalized linear models to relate nesting success and fledge rate to habitat type, productivity to hatch date (Julian day) and hatch date to urban density. Nesting success was 86% and 83% for the respective years. Nesting success increased in grassland-agricultural and shrub habitats and decreased in riparian habitat within the urban landscape. Productivity was 2.23 and 2.03 per nest for the breeding seasons. Fledge rates were 72% and 77%, respectively, and decreased in riparian areas. Nestlings hatched earlier with increased urban density and earliest in suburban areas, following a negative quadratic curve. Nesting success and productivity for this population were high relative to others in North America. Productivity increased in habitats where ground prey was more accessible. We suggest that suburban areas, if not frequently disturbed, provide sufficient resources to sustain Red-tailed Hawks over extended periods. As urban expansion continues in arid environments globally, we stress that researchers monitor reproductive output across the urban predator guild to elucidate patterns in population dynamics and adaptation.


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